Surface-to-Surface (Coastal) Missiles
1. SSC-1A 'Shaddock' / SSC-1B 'Sepal'
Type: Land-attack/coastal defense missile
Soviet designation: 4K95 Progress/4K44 Redut, Utes
Missile designation: FKR-2, P-5S/P-35B
Designer: Chelomey
Lenght: 11.75/10.2 m
Diameter: 0.975 m
Span: 2.6 m
Launch Weight: 4,500 kg
Range: 745/25-460 km
Speed: Mach 1.4
Propulsion: Two solid-propellant rocket boosters + KRD-26 turbojet sustainer
Guidance: Inertial/command + active radar terminal homing
Warhead: 350 kT nuclear/513 kg HE or 350 kT nuclear
Operational: Entered service in ?/1966
Launch site equipment: Three launch vehicles, command vehicle/Three SPU-35B or SPU-35V launch vehicles, 4R45 Skala radar vehicle
Launch Vehicle
Designation: ZIL-135K (BAZ-135MB)
Length: 13.5 (11.5) m
Width: 2.86 (2.8) m
Height: 3.53 (3.0) m
Weight: 21,000 (18,000) kg
Road Speed: 40 km/h
Road Radius: 500 km
Engine: Two 180 hp ZiL-375Ya diesels/300 hp YaMZ-238N diesel
Development of the FKR-2 began in 1954, and it was first tested in 1959. Development of the P-35B was authorized on 16 August 1960 with the first test firing in September 1963. The system was accepted into service on 11 August 1966. The P-5S (SSC-1A) is based on the submarine-launched P-5K (SS-N-3C) land-attack cruise missile whereas the P-35B (SSC-1B) is based on the ship-launched P-35 (SS-N-3B) anti-ship missile. The P-5S cruises at a high altitude whereas the cruise altitude of the P-35 can be set as 400, 4,000 or 7,000 meters. The P-35 is tracked in flight by radar and guidance commands are sent to the missile based on the radar image it transmits to the ground station via a video data link. Development of the improved 3M44 coastal defense missile that can use targeting data from Tu-95RTs or Tu-16D aircraft or a Ka-25Ts helicopter began in 1974. The missile also features improved ECCM characteristics, reduced terminal flight altitude, and new rocket boosters. Tests of the 3M44 began in 1976, and it was accepted into service in 1982.
Both missiles are transported in and launched from a long cylindrical container mounted on a ZIL-135K or a later BAZ-135MB 8x8 wheeled chassis. Crew consists of 5 men and time into action is about 30 minutes. Before launch four hydraulic stabilization jacks are lowered, the hemispherical end covers of the launch tube are removed to top-mounted tables and the container is elevated to an angle of 20 degrees. The coastal defense version of the TEL features a longer driver's cab. A Redut (SSC-1B) brigade consists of three battalions, each with five to six batteries. In 1988 there were 6 Redut battalions in the Soviet Baltic Fleet, 3 battalions in the Northern Fleet, 5 battalions in the Black Sea Fleet and 5 battalions in the Pacific Fleet. The Redut system has been exported to Angola, Bulgaria and Syria.
The Utes fixed system was developed on the basis of the Redut as a replacement of the fixed Sopka (SSC-2B) batteries. The first test launch was conducted on 30 May 1971 and the system entered service on 28 April 1973. The firing battery consists of MRSTs-1 Uspekh-U data link, 4R46 Mys radar with Parol IFF, a command center, and trainable twin tube launchers. Two Utes batteries were constructed: Object 100 near Sevastopol became operational in 1973 and Object 101 on the island of Kildin in the Kola Peninsula became operational in two parts in 1976 and 1983. The latter has now been partially disbanded.
2. SSC-3 'Styx'
Type: Coastal defense missile
Soviet designation: 4K51 Rubezh
Missile designation: P-15M, P-21, P-22 Termit
Designer: Raduga
Lenght: 6.56 m
Diameter: 0.78 m
Span: 2.4 m
Launch Weight: 2,520 kg
Range: 8-80 km
Speed: 1,100 km/h
Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + dual-thrust liquid-propellant rocket sustainer
Guidance: Inertial + active radar or IR terminal homing
Warhead: 513 kg HE or 15 kT nuclear
Operational: Entered service in 1978
Launch battery equipment: Four 3P51 launch vehicles, four transloader vehicles
Launch Vehicle
Designation: MAZ-543M
Length: 14.2 m
Width: 2.97 m
Height: 4.05 m
Weight: 40,900 kg
Road Speed: 65 km/h
Road Radius: 635 km
Engine: 385 kW diesel
2.The development of the Rubezh system began in 1970 to supplement the Redut (SSC-1B) with a more compact, short-ranged system. The Rubezh uses the same P-15M missile with folding delta wings and a triform rudder and tail as the ship-launched SS-N-2C. The IR terminal seeker has the designation Snegir-M. The cruise altitude of the missile can be set as 25, 50 or 250 meters before launch, and the missile performs a pop-up manoeuvre in the terminal phase. The launch vehicle is based on a MAZ-543M 8x8 wheeled chassis and carries two KT-161 missile tubes, usually with one radar- and one IR-guided missile, and a command shelter with a generator and Garpun radar. The radar is mounted on a 7.3 meter high elevatable mast and has a detection range of 40 to 100 km. Crew consists of 6 men and time into action is about 5 minutes. The missile transporter/loader vehicle is based on a KrAZ-255B 6x6 truck chassis and carries two reload missiles. It may be possible to use a long-range surveillance radar installed on the 40V6 elevatable mast from the S-300P (SA-10) SAM with the system. A Rubezh brigade consists of three battalions, each with three batteries. The Rubezh system has been exported to Algeria, Bulgaria, Cuba, East Germany, Libya, Rumania, Syria, Yemen and Yugoslavia. The Rubezh-E export variant uses the P-21 or P-22 missile
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3. SSC-X-6 'Stooge'
Type: Coastal defense missile
Soviet designation: 3K60 Bal
Missile designation: 3M24 Uran
Designer: Zvezda
Lenght: 4.2 m
Diameter: 0.42 m
Span: 1.3 m
Launch Weight: 630 kg
Range: 130 km
Speed: 1,100 km/h
Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + turbofan sustainer
Guidance: Inertial + active radar terminal homing
Warhead: 145 kg SAP
Operational: In development
Launch battery equipment: Four launch vehicles, radar vehicle, four transloader vehicles
Launch Vehicle/Transloader Vehicle/Command Vehicle
Designation: MAZ-543M (MZKT-7930)
Length: 13.5/13.83/14.65 m
Width: 3.1/3.62/3.1 m
Height: 4.0/3.95/4.05 m
Weight: 42,500/42,500/38,200 kg
Road Speed: 60 km/h
Crew: 6/2/7
The Bal has been in development since April 1984 alongside the air-launched Kh-35 (AS-20) and ship-launched SS-N-25 anti-ship missiles. The missile is built mainly of aluminium and has folding wings and tail fins. Its ARGS-35 active radar seeker has been developed by Leninets. The 3M24 cruises at an altitude of 5-10 meters, reducing to 3-5 meters during the terminal phase, and it can sink ships of up to 5,000 tons displacement. The launch vehicle carries eight missile tubes and a command post that houses the crew of six. The transporter/reloader vehicle has eight reloads with a 9 ton crane and a crew of two. The combat control vehicle has acquisition radar in the rear, a crew compartment in the middle, and an equipment compartment in the forward part. Two control vehicles can use their radars in a passive mode to detect targets. Initially the vehicles were based on MAZ-543M 8x8 wheeled chassis, but it has now been replaced by the new MZKT-7930 8x8 wheeled chassis. The vehicles are equipped with gas-turbine generators for power supply. The first operational Bal battery is to be delivered to the Kamchatka peninsula in 2006.
4. SSC-X-5
Type: Coastal defense missile
Soviet designation: 3K55 Bastion
Missile designation: 3M55 Yakhont
Designer: NPO Mashinostroyenia
Lenght: 8.9 m
Diameter: 0.72 m
Span: 1.7 m
Launch Weight: 3,000 kg
Range: 300 km (hi-lo), 120 km (lo)
Speed: Mach 2.5
Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + 3D55 ramjet sustainer
Guidance: Inertial + active or passive radar terminal homing
Warhead: 200 kg HE
Operational: In development
Launch battery equipment: Four launch vehicles, command vehicle, equipment vehicle, transloader vehicles
Launch Vehicle/Command Vehicle
Designation: MZKT-7930/KamAZ-43101
Length: 12.67/7.90 m
Width: 3.07/? m
Height: 3.29/3.20 m
Road Speed: 80/90 km/h
Road Radius: 1,000/? km
Engine: 500 hp YaMZ-846 diesel/220 hp KamAZ-740.10 diesel
Crew: 3/5
The development of the 3M55 fourth-generation anti-ship missile for multiple basing modes began in the early 1980s. It has a nose air intake for the ramjet engine with a diffusor cone, the cone assembly housing the radar antenna, electronics, and warhead. The 4,000 kg thrust kerosene fuelled ramjet engine has an integral solid-propellant rocket booster that is discarded after use, a similar arrangement to that used on the P-270 missile. The missile has RAM coating and a radar warning receiver. The 3M55 can either travel its entire flight path at low altitude, or it can first climb to an altitude of 14-15 kilometers for target acquisition and then dive in low for the terminal phase. During terminal phase the missile flies at an altitude of 10-15 metres.Each launch vehicle based on a MZKT-7930 8x8 truck chassis carries three missiles in sealed launch containers that are enclosed by protective covers somewhat similar to those of the Iskander SRBM. The launch battery can be located up to 50 kilometers inland, and is capable of 30 days autonomous operation with a special maintenance vehicle. It can reach launch readiness in five minutes after arrival at deployment location. A launch battery can contain a maximum of 12 TELs. Target data can be provided by a helicopter in addition to coastal radar sites. A fixed version of the system is also offered, consisting of up to 36 missiles in hardened launch silos and a control center. 
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